![]() Splitters and CouplersĬouplers and splitters are used to combine optical signals and/or split the optical signals. However, 3 and 4 port circulators are very common. Circulators are micro-optic devices and can be made with any number of ports. The device is symmetric in operation around a circle. Light entering at port 2 leaves at port 3, and so on. Light entering any particular port (say port 1) travels around the circulator and exits at the next port (say port 2). The basic function of a circulator is shown in the above figure. It has a relatively low loss 0.5 dB to 1.5 dB port-to-port. CirculatorĬirculators are micro-optic devices and can be used with any number of ports, however, commonly 3 ports/4 ports circulators are used. The isolator passes an optical signal from left to right and changes its polarization by 45 degrees and produces about 2 dB loss. The signal then passes through the analyzer, which is oriented at 45 degrees with respect to the input polarizer. Faradays rotator will rotate the polarization of optical signal by 45 degrees. The optical signal passes through the polarizer, oriented parallel to the incoming state of polarization. ![]() Isolators are constructed using optical polarizers, analyzers and Faradays rotator. In manufacturing isolators “ Faradays Effect” is used, which is polarization dependent. Isolators are needed in the optical system to prevent unwanted reflections, coming back down a fiber and disrupting the operation of a laser (producing noise). Isolator is a non-reciprocal device that allows light to pass along a fiber in one direction and offers very high attenuation in the opposite direction. ![]() In this chapter, we will discuss the various components of optical devices.
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